First Article Inspection (FAI) is a comparison of the initial production units to the original design files. The process may also include tests for product function and performance.
FAIs are conducted before mass production begins to ensure correct visual design, production setup, and product performance. Typically, the purchase order includes a requirement for the supplier to conducts the FAI and provide a report for the purchaser to review.
In cases where the manufacturer lacks in-house capability or upon the purchaser's request, the first article inspection may be performed by an approved subcontract supplier, such as a dimensional inspection or metrology laboratory.
Learn more in The Factored Quality Guide to Product Inspections